selectors.py 18 KB

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  1. """Selectors module.
  2. This module allows high-level and efficient I/O multiplexing, built upon the
  3. `select` module primitives.
  4. """
  5. from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
  6. from collections import namedtuple, Mapping
  7. import math
  8. import select
  9. import sys
  10. # generic events, that must be mapped to implementation-specific ones
  11. EVENT_READ = (1 << 0)
  12. EVENT_WRITE = (1 << 1)
  13. def _fileobj_to_fd(fileobj):
  14. """Return a file descriptor from a file object.
  15. Parameters:
  16. fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
  17. Returns:
  18. corresponding file descriptor
  19. Raises:
  20. ValueError if the object is invalid
  21. """
  22. if isinstance(fileobj, int):
  23. fd = fileobj
  24. else:
  25. try:
  26. fd = int(fileobj.fileno())
  27. except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
  28. raise ValueError("Invalid file object: "
  29. "{!r}".format(fileobj)) from None
  30. if fd < 0:
  31. raise ValueError("Invalid file descriptor: {}".format(fd))
  32. return fd
  33. SelectorKey = namedtuple('SelectorKey', ['fileobj', 'fd', 'events', 'data'])
  34. """Object used to associate a file object to its backing file descriptor,
  35. selected event mask and attached data."""
  36. class _SelectorMapping(Mapping):
  37. """Mapping of file objects to selector keys."""
  38. def __init__(self, selector):
  39. self._selector = selector
  40. def __len__(self):
  41. return len(self._selector._fd_to_key)
  42. def __getitem__(self, fileobj):
  43. try:
  44. fd = self._selector._fileobj_lookup(fileobj)
  45. return self._selector._fd_to_key[fd]
  46. except KeyError:
  47. raise KeyError("{!r} is not registered".format(fileobj)) from None
  48. def __iter__(self):
  49. return iter(self._selector._fd_to_key)
  50. class BaseSelector(metaclass=ABCMeta):
  51. """Selector abstract base class.
  52. A selector supports registering file objects to be monitored for specific
  53. I/O events.
  54. A file object is a file descriptor or any object with a `fileno()` method.
  55. An arbitrary object can be attached to the file object, which can be used
  56. for example to store context information, a callback, etc.
  57. A selector can use various implementations (select(), poll(), epoll()...)
  58. depending on the platform. The default `Selector` class uses the most
  59. efficient implementation on the current platform.
  60. """
  61. @abstractmethod
  62. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  63. """Register a file object.
  64. Parameters:
  65. fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
  66. events -- events to monitor (bitwise mask of EVENT_READ|EVENT_WRITE)
  67. data -- attached data
  68. Returns:
  69. SelectorKey instance
  70. Raises:
  71. ValueError if events is invalid
  72. KeyError if fileobj is already registered
  73. OSError if fileobj is closed or otherwise is unacceptable to
  74. the underlying system call (if a system call is made)
  75. Note:
  76. OSError may or may not be raised
  77. """
  78. raise NotImplementedError
  79. @abstractmethod
  80. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  81. """Unregister a file object.
  82. Parameters:
  83. fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
  84. Returns:
  85. SelectorKey instance
  86. Raises:
  87. KeyError if fileobj is not registered
  88. Note:
  89. If fileobj is registered but has since been closed this does
  90. *not* raise OSError (even if the wrapped syscall does)
  91. """
  92. raise NotImplementedError
  93. def modify(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  94. """Change a registered file object monitored events or attached data.
  95. Parameters:
  96. fileobj -- file object or file descriptor
  97. events -- events to monitor (bitwise mask of EVENT_READ|EVENT_WRITE)
  98. data -- attached data
  99. Returns:
  100. SelectorKey instance
  101. Raises:
  102. Anything that unregister() or register() raises
  103. """
  104. self.unregister(fileobj)
  105. return self.register(fileobj, events, data)
  106. @abstractmethod
  107. def select(self, timeout=None):
  108. """Perform the actual selection, until some monitored file objects are
  109. ready or a timeout expires.
  110. Parameters:
  111. timeout -- if timeout > 0, this specifies the maximum wait time, in
  112. seconds
  113. if timeout <= 0, the select() call won't block, and will
  114. report the currently ready file objects
  115. if timeout is None, select() will block until a monitored
  116. file object becomes ready
  117. Returns:
  118. list of (key, events) for ready file objects
  119. `events` is a bitwise mask of EVENT_READ|EVENT_WRITE
  120. """
  121. raise NotImplementedError
  122. def close(self):
  123. """Close the selector.
  124. This must be called to make sure that any underlying resource is freed.
  125. """
  126. pass
  127. def get_key(self, fileobj):
  128. """Return the key associated to a registered file object.
  129. Returns:
  130. SelectorKey for this file object
  131. """
  132. mapping = self.get_map()
  133. if mapping is None:
  134. raise RuntimeError('Selector is closed')
  135. try:
  136. return mapping[fileobj]
  137. except KeyError:
  138. raise KeyError("{!r} is not registered".format(fileobj)) from None
  139. @abstractmethod
  140. def get_map(self):
  141. """Return a mapping of file objects to selector keys."""
  142. raise NotImplementedError
  143. def __enter__(self):
  144. return self
  145. def __exit__(self, *args):
  146. self.close()
  147. class _BaseSelectorImpl(BaseSelector):
  148. """Base selector implementation."""
  149. def __init__(self):
  150. # this maps file descriptors to keys
  151. self._fd_to_key = {}
  152. # read-only mapping returned by get_map()
  153. self._map = _SelectorMapping(self)
  154. def _fileobj_lookup(self, fileobj):
  155. """Return a file descriptor from a file object.
  156. This wraps _fileobj_to_fd() to do an exhaustive search in case
  157. the object is invalid but we still have it in our map. This
  158. is used by unregister() so we can unregister an object that
  159. was previously registered even if it is closed. It is also
  160. used by _SelectorMapping.
  161. """
  162. try:
  163. return _fileobj_to_fd(fileobj)
  164. except ValueError:
  165. # Do an exhaustive search.
  166. for key in self._fd_to_key.values():
  167. if key.fileobj is fileobj:
  168. return key.fd
  169. # Raise ValueError after all.
  170. raise
  171. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  172. if (not events) or (events & ~(EVENT_READ | EVENT_WRITE)):
  173. raise ValueError("Invalid events: {!r}".format(events))
  174. key = SelectorKey(fileobj, self._fileobj_lookup(fileobj), events, data)
  175. if key.fd in self._fd_to_key:
  176. raise KeyError("{!r} (FD {}) is already registered"
  177. .format(fileobj, key.fd))
  178. self._fd_to_key[key.fd] = key
  179. return key
  180. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  181. try:
  182. key = self._fd_to_key.pop(self._fileobj_lookup(fileobj))
  183. except KeyError:
  184. raise KeyError("{!r} is not registered".format(fileobj)) from None
  185. return key
  186. def modify(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  187. # TODO: Subclasses can probably optimize this even further.
  188. try:
  189. key = self._fd_to_key[self._fileobj_lookup(fileobj)]
  190. except KeyError:
  191. raise KeyError("{!r} is not registered".format(fileobj)) from None
  192. if events != key.events:
  193. self.unregister(fileobj)
  194. key = self.register(fileobj, events, data)
  195. elif data != key.data:
  196. # Use a shortcut to update the data.
  197. key = key._replace(data=data)
  198. self._fd_to_key[key.fd] = key
  199. return key
  200. def close(self):
  201. self._fd_to_key.clear()
  202. self._map = None
  203. def get_map(self):
  204. return self._map
  205. def _key_from_fd(self, fd):
  206. """Return the key associated to a given file descriptor.
  207. Parameters:
  208. fd -- file descriptor
  209. Returns:
  210. corresponding key, or None if not found
  211. """
  212. try:
  213. return self._fd_to_key[fd]
  214. except KeyError:
  215. return None
  216. class SelectSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  217. """Select-based selector."""
  218. def __init__(self):
  219. super().__init__()
  220. self._readers = set()
  221. self._writers = set()
  222. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  223. key = super().register(fileobj, events, data)
  224. if events & EVENT_READ:
  225. self._readers.add(key.fd)
  226. if events & EVENT_WRITE:
  227. self._writers.add(key.fd)
  228. return key
  229. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  230. key = super().unregister(fileobj)
  231. self._readers.discard(key.fd)
  232. self._writers.discard(key.fd)
  233. return key
  234. if sys.platform == 'win32':
  235. def _select(self, r, w, _, timeout=None):
  236. r, w, x = select.select(r, w, w, timeout)
  237. return r, w + x, []
  238. else:
  239. _select = select.select
  240. def select(self, timeout=None):
  241. timeout = None if timeout is None else max(timeout, 0)
  242. ready = []
  243. try:
  244. r, w, _ = self._select(self._readers, self._writers, [], timeout)
  245. except InterruptedError:
  246. return ready
  247. r = set(r)
  248. w = set(w)
  249. for fd in r | w:
  250. events = 0
  251. if fd in r:
  252. events |= EVENT_READ
  253. if fd in w:
  254. events |= EVENT_WRITE
  255. key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
  256. if key:
  257. ready.append((key, events & key.events))
  258. return ready
  259. if hasattr(select, 'poll'):
  260. class PollSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  261. """Poll-based selector."""
  262. def __init__(self):
  263. super().__init__()
  264. self._poll = select.poll()
  265. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  266. key = super().register(fileobj, events, data)
  267. poll_events = 0
  268. if events & EVENT_READ:
  269. poll_events |= select.POLLIN
  270. if events & EVENT_WRITE:
  271. poll_events |= select.POLLOUT
  272. self._poll.register(key.fd, poll_events)
  273. return key
  274. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  275. key = super().unregister(fileobj)
  276. self._poll.unregister(key.fd)
  277. return key
  278. def select(self, timeout=None):
  279. if timeout is None:
  280. timeout = None
  281. elif timeout <= 0:
  282. timeout = 0
  283. else:
  284. # poll() has a resolution of 1 millisecond, round away from
  285. # zero to wait *at least* timeout seconds.
  286. timeout = math.ceil(timeout * 1e3)
  287. ready = []
  288. try:
  289. fd_event_list = self._poll.poll(timeout)
  290. except InterruptedError:
  291. return ready
  292. for fd, event in fd_event_list:
  293. events = 0
  294. if event & ~select.POLLIN:
  295. events |= EVENT_WRITE
  296. if event & ~select.POLLOUT:
  297. events |= EVENT_READ
  298. key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
  299. if key:
  300. ready.append((key, events & key.events))
  301. return ready
  302. if hasattr(select, 'epoll'):
  303. class EpollSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  304. """Epoll-based selector."""
  305. def __init__(self):
  306. super().__init__()
  307. self._epoll = select.epoll()
  308. def fileno(self):
  309. return self._epoll.fileno()
  310. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  311. key = super().register(fileobj, events, data)
  312. epoll_events = 0
  313. if events & EVENT_READ:
  314. epoll_events |= select.EPOLLIN
  315. if events & EVENT_WRITE:
  316. epoll_events |= select.EPOLLOUT
  317. self._epoll.register(key.fd, epoll_events)
  318. return key
  319. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  320. key = super().unregister(fileobj)
  321. try:
  322. self._epoll.unregister(key.fd)
  323. except OSError:
  324. # This can happen if the FD was closed since it
  325. # was registered.
  326. pass
  327. return key
  328. def select(self, timeout=None):
  329. if timeout is None:
  330. timeout = -1
  331. elif timeout <= 0:
  332. timeout = 0
  333. else:
  334. # epoll_wait() has a resolution of 1 millisecond, round away
  335. # from zero to wait *at least* timeout seconds.
  336. timeout = math.ceil(timeout * 1e3) * 1e-3
  337. # epoll_wait() expects `maxevents` to be greater than zero;
  338. # we want to make sure that `select()` can be called when no
  339. # FD is registered.
  340. max_ev = max(len(self._fd_to_key), 1)
  341. ready = []
  342. try:
  343. fd_event_list = self._epoll.poll(timeout, max_ev)
  344. except InterruptedError:
  345. return ready
  346. for fd, event in fd_event_list:
  347. events = 0
  348. if event & ~select.EPOLLIN:
  349. events |= EVENT_WRITE
  350. if event & ~select.EPOLLOUT:
  351. events |= EVENT_READ
  352. key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
  353. if key:
  354. ready.append((key, events & key.events))
  355. return ready
  356. def close(self):
  357. self._epoll.close()
  358. super().close()
  359. if hasattr(select, 'devpoll'):
  360. class DevpollSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  361. """Solaris /dev/poll selector."""
  362. def __init__(self):
  363. super().__init__()
  364. self._devpoll = select.devpoll()
  365. def fileno(self):
  366. return self._devpoll.fileno()
  367. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  368. key = super().register(fileobj, events, data)
  369. poll_events = 0
  370. if events & EVENT_READ:
  371. poll_events |= select.POLLIN
  372. if events & EVENT_WRITE:
  373. poll_events |= select.POLLOUT
  374. self._devpoll.register(key.fd, poll_events)
  375. return key
  376. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  377. key = super().unregister(fileobj)
  378. self._devpoll.unregister(key.fd)
  379. return key
  380. def select(self, timeout=None):
  381. if timeout is None:
  382. timeout = None
  383. elif timeout <= 0:
  384. timeout = 0
  385. else:
  386. # devpoll() has a resolution of 1 millisecond, round away from
  387. # zero to wait *at least* timeout seconds.
  388. timeout = math.ceil(timeout * 1e3)
  389. ready = []
  390. try:
  391. fd_event_list = self._devpoll.poll(timeout)
  392. except InterruptedError:
  393. return ready
  394. for fd, event in fd_event_list:
  395. events = 0
  396. if event & ~select.POLLIN:
  397. events |= EVENT_WRITE
  398. if event & ~select.POLLOUT:
  399. events |= EVENT_READ
  400. key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
  401. if key:
  402. ready.append((key, events & key.events))
  403. return ready
  404. def close(self):
  405. self._devpoll.close()
  406. super().close()
  407. if hasattr(select, 'kqueue'):
  408. class KqueueSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
  409. """Kqueue-based selector."""
  410. def __init__(self):
  411. super().__init__()
  412. self._kqueue = select.kqueue()
  413. def fileno(self):
  414. return self._kqueue.fileno()
  415. def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None):
  416. key = super().register(fileobj, events, data)
  417. if events & EVENT_READ:
  418. kev = select.kevent(key.fd, select.KQ_FILTER_READ,
  419. select.KQ_EV_ADD)
  420. self._kqueue.control([kev], 0, 0)
  421. if events & EVENT_WRITE:
  422. kev = select.kevent(key.fd, select.KQ_FILTER_WRITE,
  423. select.KQ_EV_ADD)
  424. self._kqueue.control([kev], 0, 0)
  425. return key
  426. def unregister(self, fileobj):
  427. key = super().unregister(fileobj)
  428. if key.events & EVENT_READ:
  429. kev = select.kevent(key.fd, select.KQ_FILTER_READ,
  430. select.KQ_EV_DELETE)
  431. try:
  432. self._kqueue.control([kev], 0, 0)
  433. except OSError:
  434. # This can happen if the FD was closed since it
  435. # was registered.
  436. pass
  437. if key.events & EVENT_WRITE:
  438. kev = select.kevent(key.fd, select.KQ_FILTER_WRITE,
  439. select.KQ_EV_DELETE)
  440. try:
  441. self._kqueue.control([kev], 0, 0)
  442. except OSError:
  443. # See comment above.
  444. pass
  445. return key
  446. def select(self, timeout=None):
  447. timeout = None if timeout is None else max(timeout, 0)
  448. max_ev = len(self._fd_to_key)
  449. ready = []
  450. try:
  451. kev_list = self._kqueue.control(None, max_ev, timeout)
  452. except InterruptedError:
  453. return ready
  454. for kev in kev_list:
  455. fd = kev.ident
  456. flag = kev.filter
  457. events = 0
  458. if flag == select.KQ_FILTER_READ:
  459. events |= EVENT_READ
  460. if flag == select.KQ_FILTER_WRITE:
  461. events |= EVENT_WRITE
  462. key = self._key_from_fd(fd)
  463. if key:
  464. ready.append((key, events & key.events))
  465. return ready
  466. def close(self):
  467. self._kqueue.close()
  468. super().close()
  469. # Choose the best implementation, roughly:
  470. # epoll|kqueue|devpoll > poll > select.
  471. # select() also can't accept a FD > FD_SETSIZE (usually around 1024)
  472. if 'KqueueSelector' in globals():
  473. DefaultSelector = KqueueSelector
  474. elif 'EpollSelector' in globals():
  475. DefaultSelector = EpollSelector
  476. elif 'DevpollSelector' in globals():
  477. DefaultSelector = DevpollSelector
  478. elif 'PollSelector' in globals():
  479. DefaultSelector = PollSelector
  480. else:
  481. DefaultSelector = SelectSelector